Content about “

probability

”

Randomness is surprisingly hard to define. Fortunately the mathematical language we use to describe it is beautifully well defined.

The second guiding principle in probability theory is more subtle – universality.

Symmetry is one of the two guiding principles in understanding probabilities – if different outcomes are equivalent they should have the same probability.

Here's a resolution for one of probability theory's most famous paradoxes.

Is the proposed ABBA rule for penalty shootouts really fairer than the existing rule? Maths shows that it is, and also suggests another, more subtle rule.

What's wrong with this probability argument?

The probability distribution that measures success and failure.

The practice of overbooking has made uncomfortable headlines lately. But how do airlines decide how many tickets to sell for a flight? Here's the maths.

A new study suggests that monkeys have a basic grasp of probabilities.

Why the expected outcome of rolling a die is 3.5.

Find out how scientists, from physicists to geneticists, measure their confidence in their results.